Pediatric urology for doctors
Practical clinical pages for pediatricians, family doctors and residents. Each topic covers objectives, basics, diagnosis, treatment and a quiz. Based on EAU/ESPU, ICCS and AUA clinical guidelines.
- Topic 1 Bedwetting How to assess a child with bedwetting without unnecessary tests, choose the right treatment and recognize red flags. 13 steps · ~15 min Read →
- Topic 2 Cryptorchidism How to tell an undescended testicle from a retractile one, when to refer the child to a pediatric urologist, and what not to do. 14 steps · ~15 min Read →
- Topic 3 Lower urinary tract dysfunction How to assess a child with daytime wetting systematically, see the link between bladder and bowel, and start urotherapy correctly. 12 steps · ~15 min Read →
- Topic 4 Obstructive uropathies How to follow an infant with renal dilation found on fetal ultrasound step by step, without missing an emergency, especially posterior urethral valves. 15 steps · ~21 min Read →
- Topic 5 Transitional urology How to ensure that an adolescent with neurogenic bladder, posterior urethral valves or exstrophy, or who has had bladder augmentation, moves to adult care without being lost to follow-up. 10 steps · ~12 min Read →
- Topic 6 UTI and vesicoureteral reflux How to confirm a febrile urinary tract infection correctly, treat it effectively, and know who needs imaging and who needs a pediatric urologist. 13 steps · ~20 min Read →
- Topic 7 Acute scrotum How to assess a child with sudden testicular pain correctly, avoid missing torsion, and refer to a pediatric urologist without losing time on ultrasound. 13 steps · ~15 min Read →
- Topic 8 Foreskin Tell a normal foreskin from disease, avoid unnecessary intervention, and know which child should see a pediatric urologist before circumcision. 11 steps · ~15 min Read →
- Topic 9 Hypospadias and DSD Recognize hypospadias in the newborn, do not miss signs of DSD, and refer the child to a pediatric urologist and endocrinologist in time. 11 steps · ~15 min Read →
- Topic 10 Inguinal hernia and hydrocele Assess groin and scrotal swelling correctly, recognize incarceration, and know which child needs surgery and when. 10 steps · ~14 min Read →
- Topic 11 Varicocele Examine an adolescent with a varicocele correctly, monitor testicular volume, and know who needs surgery. 10 steps · ~13 min Read →
- Topic 12 Neurogenic bladder Know what to do and when to protect the kidneys in a child with neurogenic bladder, and which changes require urgent assessment. 11 steps · ~15 min Read →
- Topic 13 Hematuria and stones Assess a child with red urine or blood on urinalysis step by step, refer correctly to a nephrologist or urologist, and look for the cause in a child with a stone. 11 steps · ~15 min Read →
Referral criteria
When and how urgently to refer a child to a pediatric urologist.
Calculators and decision aids
TWIST score: testicular torsion riskEstimates torsion risk in acute scrotum from five clinical signs.Testicular volume and asymmetryCalculates testicular volume from ultrasound measurements and the difference between testes (varicocele follow-up).eGFR: bedside Schwartz equationEstimates glomerular filtration rate in children from height and serum creatinine.DVSS: dysfunctional voiding score10 questions about the last 30 days. Quantifies daytime bladder and bowel symptoms.
Tools for practice
These materials are intended for medical professionals. Decisions about an individual patient are made by the treating doctor.