Urologic conditions in children
Conditions treated in pediatric urology: causes, signs, diagnosis and treatment.
Kidneys and ureters
Hydronephrosis, blockages, reflux and congenital kidney anomalies.
- HydronephrosisWater on the kidney, dilated renal pelvis
- UPJ obstructionNarrowing between the renal pelvis and the ureter
- MegaureterCongenital dilation of the ureter
- Vesicoureteral refluxUreteral reflux, VUR
- Duplex kidneyDuplex collecting system, double ureter, ectopic ureter
- Multicystic dysplastic kidneyCystic, non-functioning kidney
- Kidney stonesUrinary stones, urolithiasis
Bladder and urethra
Urethral valves, neurogenic bladder, ureterocele, exstrophy, prune belly syndrome, urachal remnants. Daytime wetting is under "Voiding and infections".
- Posterior urethral valvesCongenital membrane in the urethra, PUV
- Neurogenic bladderBladder problems in spina bifida and spinal cord conditions
- Urachal remnantsUrachal cyst, patent urachus, urachal sinus
- UreteroceleCystic dilation of the ureter inside the bladder
- Bladder exstrophyExstrophy-epispadias complex, cloacal exstrophy
- Prune belly syndromeEagle-Barrett syndrome, triad syndrome
Voiding and infections
Night and daytime wetting, constipation, infections, blood in the urine.
- BedwettingEnuresis, nocturnal enuresis
- Daytime wettingOveractive bladder, voiding dysfunction
- Constipation and the bladderBladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD)
- Urinary tract infectionBladder infection, cystitis
- PyelonephritisFebrile urinary tract infection, kidney inflammation
- Blood in urineHematuria, red or brown urine
Testicles and groin
Undescended testicle, hydrocele, inguinal hernia, varicocele and sudden testicular pain.
- Undescended testicleCryptorchidism, testicle not in the scrotum
- Retractile testicleShy testicle, mobile testicle
- HydroceleTesticular hydrocele, fluid in the scrotum
- Inguinal herniaGroin hernia, swelling in the groin
- VaricoceleEnlarged veins in the scrotum
- Testicular torsionTwisted testicle, acute testicular pain
- Epididymitis and orchitisInflammation of the testicle and epididymis
Genitals
Phimosis, circumcision, hypospadias, buried penis and labial adhesions in girls.
- PhimosisTight foreskin
- ParaphimosisConstricting foreskin
- BalanoposthitisRedness and swelling of the tip of the penis
- Circumcision complicationsCircumcision errors, revision circumcision
- Buried penisConcealed penis, penis that looks small
- MicropenisA truly small penis
- HypospadiasA urethral opening on the underside of the penis
- Penile curvatureChordee, penile torsion
- Meatal stenosisNarrowing of the urinary opening after circumcision
- Labial adhesionsLabial fusion, fused labia minora
- EpispadiasA urethral opening on the top of the penis, a split clitoris in girls
- Differences of sex developmentDSD, disorders of sex development, atypical genitalia